Water Resources in Nepal

God has been very kind to our country to provide her unlimited natural resources. Nepal is the second richest country in water resources in the world. We can see many rivers, rivulares, brooks, streams, fall, lakes and small springs. Among them, rivers are the most important water resources in Nepal.

The major rivers in Nepal are Mechi, Koshi, Bagmati, Narayani, Gandaki, Kanali and Mahakali. Among them, the Koshi is the largest, the Narayani is the deepest and the Karnali is the longest rivers in Nepal. The major lakes are Mahendra Tal, Phewa Tal and Begnas Tal. Similarly there are innumerable brooks, streams and springs. Snow-capped mountain peaks are the permanent water resources of rivers, lakes and rivulates.
Our life is closely related to the water resources. All of them play a vital role in the development of the country. We have produced hydroelectricity in many places using the water of the rivers, rivulates and streams. We use water for irrigation, cooking, washing and drinking. They are also important for transportation and entertainment. Nowadays, many people enjoy rafting in rivers and booting on lakes. Rivers also play the role of regional and national boundries of the country. The agriculture of Nepal can be improved by providing adequate irrigation.
Speciallu the rivers which floe through or near the cities are getting polluted. Similarly, the lakes and small stream have got polluted because of the different activities of human beings. Urbanization and industrialization are the main causes of pollution of water resources. We can see that 'Phewa Tal' in Pokhera is getting polluted. Nowadays, the Bagmati and the Bishnumati in Kathmandu are no more rivers; rather they seem to be dirty drainages. The resources of water are getteing badly affacted. Because of rapid deforestation, water amount in rivers has been decresing.

Wild Animals in Nepal

The animals which live in the jungle are called wild animals. Some of them are tigers, lions, leopards, foxes, monkeys, deer, squirrels and so on. They can be categorized into various species and groups. Some of them are carnivorous, some are herbivorous and some others are omnivorous. Most of them are directly or indirectly advantageous fpr us.

The animals that live on land are known as terrestrial animals. They are elephants, tigers, lions etc. The other kinds of animals are arboreal such as monkeys, squirrels, chameleon etc. They spend most of their time on trees. Generally, birds are called aerial animals. They can fly in the air. The animals which live in water are cartegorized as aquatic animals. They are fishes, crabs, dolphins etc. Similarly the animals such as alligators, tortoises, ffrogs etc. are called amphibians. Thus the animals are categorized as terrestrial, arboreal, arial, aquatic and amphibian according to their living places.

The animals can also be categorized on the basis of what they eat. The animals which feed on (live on) grass and plants are called herbivorous animals. They are goats, cows, buffaloes, sheep and so on. The animals that feed on only flesh of other animals and birds fall under the category of carnivorous. They are tigers, lions, foxes etc. The animals that live on both plants and flesh of other animals are known as omnivorous.

Nowadays most of the wild animals are declining. Some of the animals are endengered. An animal can not survive if its habit is destroyed. The jungle, the living place of wild animals, is fast being destroyed because of diffrent activities of human beings. People clear the jungle for agriculture and settlement. They cut down the trees for firewood, timber and buildings materials. Furthermore, people kill the wild animals for various purposes. The main cause of their disappearance is uncontrokked and over-population growth. We can preserve wild animals by preserving the forest, running afforestation programmes, opening wildlife reserves and national parks and marketing strict rules to ban the hunting of the wild animals and birds.

Wild animals are absolutely advantageous for us. Firstly, to preserve them, we have to preserve the jungle. If we preserve the jungle, the natural calamities such as flood, landslides, desertification and soil erosion etc. can be redued. We can preserve other natural resources too. Similarly, we can lure foreign tourists if we provide them opportunities to see the wild animals. By the result, we can earn foreign currency from them. Our ecology and enviromment can be kept in balance by preserving wild animals.

Village Development in Nepal

Nepal is a country of vilages. Most of the area of the country is occupied by the villages. There are 3915 VDC's, 53 municipalities, 4 sub-metropolitian cities and one metropolitian city. According to 2058 census, 85.20% of the Nepalese people live in the rural areas. The rest of the people (14.20%) live in the urban regions. In Nepal, the development of the villages is the development of the nation.
Nepal is an agro-based country. Most of the villagers are farmers. Mordern facilities are not available in the villages. The facilities of transport, communication, electricity, entertainment etc have not been proivided to all the villages yet. The farmers need basic facilities such as irrigation, improved seeds, modern fertilizers, provision of market etc. Even these facilities have not been adequately provided yet. Nowadays, the beautiful green villages are being changed into open lands because of deforestation. Many natural disasters like landslides, over-flood etc. terrify the village people. Villagers are found to be honest, co-operative, hard working, trust-worthy and peace-loving. Because of some reasons, villagers are emigrating to cities. If this process goes unchanged, the villages can be vacant.
The development of the nation depends on the development of villages. In order to develop them, all the possible facilities should be provided there. Firstly, the facilities of transportation, communication, electricity, irrigation, improved seeds, fertilizers etc. should be provided to all the people. Similarly, other facilities like education, government serveces, job opportunities, factories etc. should be decentralized. Government should give high priority on agricultural development. If the villages are developed, we can enjoy the flavour of real development. Then the people, who are living in the urban areas wish to go to villages for their permanent settlement. The people living in the villages do not want to emigrate to cities. Then the problem of over population, pollution and unemployment in cities can be reduced.
In order to develop villages, all the facilities should be provided to the villagers. The government and all the other sectors concerned should give high priority on village development. If villages are well developed, they will be better places than town in all aspects.

Afforestation in Nepal

Green forest is the wealth of Nepal. We have a Nepali saying "Hariyo Bana Nepalko Dhana". Because of various activities activities of the people, our jungle is fast being destroyed. Afforestation is the process of planting trees and converting the open lands into forest. In Nepal, afforestation is the most important measure to preserve the forest.
Our forests are being rapidly destroyed. We clear the jungle for various purposes. Mainly, we cut down the trees for firewood, timber and building materials. Our domestic animals can destroy the plants which are newly growing. Wild fire also destroys the jungle. We clear the jungle for cultivation and settlement. Our government has invested more money to preserve the forest and afforestate the barren and open lands. Some NGO's are also working to preserve and increase the forest. The programme of 'Public Forest' is very effective and successful in rural areas. People are compeletely eager to be involved in the afforestation programmes. They plant the trees and preserve the jungle voluntarily. Thus, people are mobilizeed in the preservation of the forest.
We can get many adventages from the jungle. Trees purify the polluted air. The forest provides us with firewood, timber, furniture materials, building materials, grass, herbs and other medicinals plants. Wild animals and birds can be preserved in the jungle. It ceraainly reduces the natural disasters such as landslides, drought, soil erosion and desertification. Afforestation programmes preserve our forests. Therefore afforestation is very important in Nepal.
Afforestation programmes should be made more effective to preserve the forest. All the people concerned should be involved in the programmes of afforestation. The government has to make concrete plans to afforestate and reforestate the barren and open lands to preserve the ecology and environment.

Air Services in Nepal

Nepal is landlocked and mountainous country. Air services are very important here. Air services play the prime role in the field of tourism in Nepal. Development of the country is also based on air facilities in Nepal.

The first airlines in Nepal is R.N.A.C. which stands for Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation. It was established on July 1, 1958. Since then, it has been providing air services reguraly. Nowadays, there are many other private airlines working in Nepal. They were established after the implementation of Multiparty democracy in 2046 B.S. All the airlines are providing air facilities R.N.A.C. has its both national (domestic) and international flights, but all the private airlines have only domestic flights. They are only profit making airlines; but R.N.A.C. prefers providing services to profit making.

Airlines have been playing important roles to carry and people from one place to another quickly and easily. Many remote regions are connected with towns by airlines. These regions totally depend on air services to supply daily needs textbooks, medicines and so on. Most of the tourist sectors are situated in remote regions. Tourists want to visit these places. They go there by planes or helicopters. If we provide adequate air facilities to the tourists, tourism will be promoted. Tourism is one of the main sectors to earn foreign currency. Air services have also made Nepal known to most of the parts of the world. Simarly, air services have strengthened national unity by bringing different parts of country together. They also help us in reducing the problem of unemployment. Many youths have been employed in airlines and other offices belonging to tourism. Because of the abovementioned contributions of the air services, they are of great significance in Nepal.

Despote the facilities and contribution of airlines, the poor of Nepal cannot get benefit from these services. The poor fare of planes and helicopters is really expensive. the poor cannot afford them. The government should give high priority to provide air facilities to all the people of the remote aresas which depend on air facilities.

The Himalayas of Nepal

Nepal is a Himalayan country. The Himalayas are in the north. They extend from the east to the west. About foutry percent of the total land is in the Himalayas. The higher Himalayas are covered with snow. In sanskrit, Himalayas means the abode of snow. That is why they are called Himalayas. Most of the highest peaks in the world are in the Himalayas. Mt. Everest, which is the highest peak in the world, lies in the Himalayas.


There is no human settlement is in the higher Himalayas. People live in the lower Himalayas. These places are thinly populated. These places are forested. There are different kinds of soft trees in this region. Rhododendron, the national flower of Nepal is here. People are mostly farmers. The rare animals like goats, sheeps and yak are found here.

The Himalayas have adverse effect for the development of the country. These places are not suitable for cultivation. That is why, the large part of the country is useless. These places are inaccessible. There is no facility of transport. Life is difficult here.

However the Himalayas have some adventages too. They protect us from enemy. They work as a boarder line between Nepal and China. A huge amount of money is saved which we had to spend for making boarder line if there had been no Himalayas. They also protect us from the cold winds blowing from central Asia. They stop vapour blowing from the bay of Bangal and cause rain. The origin of rivers are the Himalayas. The rivers are full of water all the years round. They are useful for many purposes like irrigation, electricity. The climate is good. Foreigners are attracted with the scene of Himalayas. The tourist trade is developing. We can earn a lot of foreign currency from the tourists. There are mines, trees, medicinal herb in the slopes of the lower Himalayas.

Although the Himalayas are obstacle for development, they has many adventages have Nepal is introduced all over the world because of the presence of the Himalayas. We feel proud of being the brave of Nepal, the land of the Himalayas.

Traveling in Nepal

Until the advent of democracy in 2007 Bikram era Nepal was a very background country. There did not use to be any motorable roads in any part of the country. Neither were there any mechinical modes of travelling except for a few in the Kathmandu va

lley. People in those days, therefore, had to walk from one place to another. It was very tiring and troublesome for them to go on long journeys. Next to legs they used some animals as their means of travelling. Only the rich could use the horse, the elephant and carts for travelling. At that time travelling on foot or on a horseback might mean to be on the verge of danger. Often such a traveller could have been robbed of his valuables while travelling through a dense jungle.
But things have changed now due to the use of the inventions of transport engineering, an applied science which has a practical use. Today horses and carts have lost

their importance in the developed areas of Nepal. Now we can travel even long distances by bus, by car or by plane. The holy town of Janakpur is connected with Jayanagar by a railway of thirty kilometers. We can reach the temple of Manaksmana by cable car today. In a mountainous country like Nepal road building is not only slow but also expensive. So the pony and yak are useful means of transport in the mountainous areas.